Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Persisting influence of continental inheritance on early oceanic spreading

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93942-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Topography over the Red Sea region and estimated depth of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (LAB). ( a ) Topography with spreading centers and Dead Sea Transform fault as thick solid lines (where high-resolution topographic data are available), inferred spreading centers as thin solid lines (where the ridge axis is only covered by GEBCO bathymetry), and other inferred plate boundary locations as dashed lines (where the oceanic crust is not exposed or absent). Small circles indicating the Arabia-Nubia relative motion are from ref. , and onshore volcanic fields compiled from ref. , . ( b ) Estimated depth of the LAB from the Sp-receiver functions mapping of ref. , and the limits of accreted Proterozoic terranes and the Arabo-Nubian Shield . Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Article Snippet: Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Techniques: Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Persisting influence of continental inheritance on early oceanic spreading

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93942-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volcano-structural mapping of the Red Sea ridge axis. The seafloor mapping in between the 5.3 Ma isochrons was achieved from the analysis of available high-resolution bathymetric data , , shown here as shaded relief map, and GEBCO bathymetry. No high-resolution bathymetric data is available within white areas. Coordinates apply only to the high-resolution shaded relief map, with the mapping shifted by 100 km to the East. Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Article Snippet: Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Techniques: Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Persisting influence of continental inheritance on early oceanic spreading

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93942-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variations of topographic, gravity, tectonic and volcanic metrics along the axial trough of the Red Sea (for the purpose of comparison with Fig. , note that the UTM Northing interval captured here is ~1900–2850 km). ( a ) Observed and filtered (filter parameters specified in ( b )) axial bathymetry extracted from GEBCO 2021 and free-air gravity anomaly , used together to compute the Mantle Bouguer Anomaly (see ), whose range of variations depends on sediment corrections ( and Supplementary Fig. ) and is included within the red curve except where the axial trough is covered by salt flows, then it is depicted as a transparent red envelope. Note that the large negative anomaly around K1400–K1500 results from unconstrained sediment thickness (Supplementary Fig. ). ( b ) Residual topography computed as the difference between the observed and filtered topography shown in ( a ). ( c ) Gray envelopes depict the average axial depth (2σ) computed across a 50-km-wide moving window; the flanks of the axial trough above this envelope are color-coded as a function of the local average slope with antithetic-slopes depicted in black (see ). ( d ) Black dots depict cumulative throw of individual faults (sum of all throws from the ridge axis to this fault: see ); color-coded envelopes represent the maximum fault throw recorded across a 1.1-km-wide moving window; blue dots show the magmatic contribution assuming a constant fault dip angle of 60° (see ). ( e ) Fault azimuth of individual strands is plotted as their deviation from the normal to the predicted opening direction (rotated clockwise (CW) when >0 and counter-clockwise (CCW) when <0); the cumulative transform offset of the axial volcanic ridge (in red; starting from the SE edge) is computed along the small circles predicted by model Arabia-Nubia rotation parameters (see ). ( f ) Relative proportion of terrain type in between the 0.7 Ma isochrons (see ). ( g ) Distance of onshore Arabian volcanic fields relative to the ridge axis (computed along small circles) in their current position and at 13 Ma (see ). Red arrows point to the maximum seaward extension of volcanism at Lunayyir and Tufail. Gray bands in all sub-figures correspond to inter-trough zones (sea-floor covered by allochtonous salt flows). Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Article Snippet: Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Techniques: Comparison, Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Persisting influence of continental inheritance on early oceanic spreading

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93942-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D view of the Red Sea axial trough around the Suakin segment looking NW. The bathymetry visualized here is the elevation above the mean axial depth (see for calculation, and note that it generated subtle artefacts visible in the image in the form of axis-normal fabrics mostly outside the limit of high-resolution bathymetric data) and allows capturing the increased cumulative fault throw at the Suakin segment (white sections of the upper shelf in the middle of the image). Note the larger than average normal fault offsets shown by the black arrows and the coincident reduction of the axial volcanic ridge. The dotted line depicts the limit of high-resolution bathymetric data. The thick black lines on the Figure edges represent the 5.3 Ma isochrons. Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Article Snippet: Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Techniques: Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Persisting influence of continental inheritance on early oceanic spreading

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93942-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Numerical simulations of the lateral spreading of low-density plume material from rifting to spreading. ( a ) Model Lithosphere thickness 1 Ma before the onset of continental rifting showing the two inherited sub-lithospheric channel running oblique to the future plate boundary. The vector field depicts plate motion relative to the Afar hotspot (15 mm/yr SW of the rift, and 15 mm/yr + model rotation of Arabia relative to Nubia NE of the rift). ( b ) Plume thickness after 16 Ma of lateral propagation followed by 10 Ma of continental rifting along 2 arms during which the lithosphere is homogeneously thinned across a 160-km-wide symmetric zone of active extension (see ). Vectors are same as in ( a ). The red star denotes the hotspot position. The dashed black line represents the axis of a pre-rift 150-km-wide sub-lithospheric channel along which the initial lithospheric thickness is reduced to 90 km (versus 140 km over the rest of the grid). Note the enhanced accumulation of plume material at the intersection between the rift and the sub-lithospheric channel. ( c ) Cumulative accumulation of plume material (relative to stage in ( b )) after 4 Ma of oceanic spreading. Note the accumulation deficit at the intersection between the rift and the sub-lithospheric channel. This deficit grows during the first ~1 Ma in our model, after which sub-axis flow remains similar to nearby sections. Also note the lateral escape flow NE of this intersection, which lasts up to 4–5 Ma in our model. The second sub-lithospheric channel (not yet reached by plume material in ( b )) is also depicted with a dashed blue line. Note that inflow of plume material is set to zero from the onset of oceanic spreading, such that NNW-directed redistribution of plume material along the rift occurs to achieve gravitational stability. Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Article Snippet: Figure generated by MATLAB R2020b software ( https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/new_products/release2020b.html ).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Generated, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Collecting critically endangered cliff plants using a drone-based sampling manipulator

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17679-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative motion of the sampling tool within its workspace based only on feedback from a high accuracy IMU and recorded using a motion capture system. The natural equilibrium point is at (0,0). The experiment starts with a 90° rotation around the z axis, followed by a forward movement along the x-axis of the Mamba and a lateral movement along its y-axis. The system then maintains this position for 30 s without any user inputs. Produced in MATLAB R2021a.

Article Snippet: The data obtained from the tests to validate the accuracy of the Mamba in the interior flight room were recorded with a VICON system and the Matlab R2021a software version 9.10.0 ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html ).

Techniques: Sampling, Produced

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Map of the Campi Flegrei caldera (redrawn from ref. ). The blue box delineates the location of the PFF site. ( b ) Aerial view of the PFF. The cyan box shows the study area where the high-resolution ERT and TDIP surveys were carried out. ( c ) Aerial view of the study area in the PFF. The solid red lines indicate the two main fault systems identified by ref. . Green and black dotted lines indicate the locations of the profiles. The yellow triangle indicates the location of the main vent (“Soffione”) (UTM projections, zone 33, datum WGS84, m). The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ). The aerial view of Pisciarelli was produced by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Napoli ‘Osservatorio Vesuviano’ (Curtesy of dr. Enrica Marotta).

Article Snippet: The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Techniques: Software, Produced

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SP anomaly ( a ) and ground temperature ( b ) maps relative to the PFF. The color bars indicate the SP (in mV) and the ground temperature (°C) scales. In both maps, black dots indicate the measurement point positions. The black diamond in panel ( a ) indicates the zero-potential reference point. The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Techniques: Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Traces of the main anomalies detected through the ERT and TDIP surveys (labeled with capital letters) superimposed onto the SP anomaly map shown in Fig. a. The color bar indicates the SP anomaly scale (in mV). The red lines indicate the two main fault systems crossing the area (redrawn from ). The blue dotted lines indicate the main alignments of the elongated branches that cross part of the LRV. The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Article Snippet: The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Techniques: Labeling, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Aerial view of Pisciarelli. The cyan and magenta solid lines indicate the alignments of two of the three geoelectrical profiles presented in ref. . The cyan box encloses the area resolved by the present 3D high-resolution ERT. The red lines indicate the two main fault systems crossing the area (redrawn from ref. ). ( b ) 2D resistivity section relative to the cyan transect in panel ( a ), drawn as color contours. A 2D resistivity section extracted from the ERT model of Fig. is superimposed as filled contours. The red triangles and black dotted lines indicate the F1a and F1b main fault systems detected in ref. . The dotted black square encloses the part of the section magnified in panel ( d ). ( c ) 2D resistivity section relative to the magenta transect in panel ( a ), drawn as color contours. A 2D resistivity section extracted from the ERT model of Fig. is superimposed as filled contours. The red triangles and black dotted lines indicate the F1a and F1b main fault systems detected in ref. . The dotted black square encloses the part of the section magnified in panel ( e ). The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ). The aerial view of Pisciarelli was produced by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Napoli ‘Osservatorio Vesuviano’ (Curtesy of dr. Enrica Marotta).

Article Snippet: The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Techniques: Software, Produced

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Pisciarelli main fumarole mechanisms reconstructed by electrical resistivity and induced polarization imaging

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97413-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Common logarithm of the data misfit plotted as a function of the number of inversion iterations. ( b ) Transfer resistances [Ω] calculated by the 3D inversion plotted as a function of the measured transfer resistances [Ω]. ( c ) Measured transfer resistances [Ω] plotted as a function of the residuals. ( d ) Histogram plot of the misfits. The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ).

Article Snippet: The figure was created using the MATLAB R2020b commercial software ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/MATLAB.html ) and postprocessed using the Corel Draw 17 commercial software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/it/product/coreldraw/ ).

Techniques: Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Optimizing COP by RSM and MATLAB model of mini refrigerator based on thermoelectric units driven by solar photovoltaic

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72500-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: MATLAB Simulink model for constructing PV characteristics.

Article Snippet: Figure illustrates the Peltier module in MATLAB software version R2024a ( https://www.mathworks.com/products/new_products/latest_features.html ); the TEC model is integrated under a toggle controller phase.

Techniques: